疱疹病毒抗体阳性肺炎支原体肺炎患儿免疫状况及临床特征

目的探讨疱疹病毒抗体阳性的肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)患儿免疫状况及临床特征。方法回顾分析2015年1月—2017年5月收治的360例2个月～16岁因MPP住院的患儿临床资料,以EB病毒(EBV)、巨细胞病毒(CMV)、单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)任一疱疹病毒IgM抗体阳性的162例患儿为抗体阳性组,另198例EBV、CMV、HSV抗体均阴性的患儿作为对照组,两组进行分析比较。结果 360例MPP患儿中男188例、女172例,合并疱疹病毒IgM抗体阳性162例,其中EBV IgM阳性97例,阳性率26.9%;CMV IgM阳性39例,阳性率10.8%;HSV IgM阳性97例,阳性率26.9%。所有患儿均未予抗病毒治疗,经治疗症状缓解好转出院。抗体阳性组重症MPP、大叶性实变、并发呼吸衰竭的比例均高于对照组,血清IgM、CD~(4+)T细胞、CD~(8+)T细胞、淋巴细胞、NK细胞、白细胞计数、乳酸脱氢酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶均高于对照组,大环内酯类抗生素使用时间长于对照组,使用激素率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。MPP合并2种病毒IgM抗体阳性者的血IgM和三酰甘油水平高于合并1种者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。合并3种病毒IgM抗体阳性者与合并1种者比较,住院时间、发热时间、大环内酯类抗生素使用时间均有延长,血IgM、丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平更高,重症MPP发生率增高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论疱疹病毒IgM抗体阳性MPP患儿的炎症反应强烈,临床症状重,病程长,并发症多,需更长时间的治疗。     

Effect of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) or GABA with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) on the progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children: Trial design and methodology

BackgroundEvidence suggests that GABA may reduce pancreatic inflammation, protect β-cells from autoimmune destruction, and potentiate the regeneration of new β-cells in the setting of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The enzyme GAD, also expressed in human pancreatic β-cells, is an antigenic target of reactive T cells. We hypothesized that treatment of children with recent onset T1DM with GABA or combination GABA with GAD will preserve β-cell function and ameliorate autoimmune dysregulation.MethodsThis is a one-year, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ninety-nine patients aged 4–18 years with newly diagnosed T1DM are randomized into three treatment groups: 1) oral GABA twice daily in addition to two injections of recombinant GAD enzyme, 2) oral GABA plus placebo GAD injections, or 3) placebo GABA and placebo GAD. Patients are evaluated at baseline and months 1, 5, 8 and 12. Mixed meal tolerance testing is performed at all but the 8-month visit. Laboratory studies will assess indices of beta and alpha cell function, glycemic control, immunophenotyping, and diabetes-related autoantibodies.ResultsThe primary outcome is the effect on pancreatic β-cell function as measured by meal-stimulated c-peptide secretion compared between the treatment groups before and after one year of treatment. Secondary outcomes include: 1) fasting and meal stimulated glucagon and proinsulin levels, 2) response in insulin usage by participants, 3) indices of immune cell function, and 4) effect on autoantibodies GAD65, ICA512, and ZnT8.Conclusions: This trial will determine the safety and efficacy of GABA and combination GABA/GAD therapy to delay T1DM progression in children.     

《艾滋病诊疗指南第三版(2015版)》更新解读

2015年中华医学会感染病学分会艾滋病学组发布了第三版《艾滋病诊疗指南》。新版指南强调抗病毒治疗时点前移:一旦成人确诊感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV), 若无禁忌宜尽早启动抗HIV治疗。对于合并机会性感染的HIV感染者, 在感染控制、病情稳定后也应及早开始抗病毒治疗。尤其强调HIV合并结核患者在CD4阳性淋巴细胞数少于200/μL的情况下, 建议抗结核两周内即开始抗病毒治疗。在抗HIV治疗用药中, 淘汰了一些毒副作用大、依从性较差的药物, 如司他夫定、去羟肌苷、茚地那韦等, 优选抗病毒效力强、服药方便的组合, 如拉米夫定、替诺福韦、依非韦伦组合。对于HIV感染的婴幼儿, 亦主张及早抗HIV治疗。对于五岁以内的幼儿, 主张确诊后即启动抗病毒治疗。对于HIV感染的孕产妇, 建议尽快予以全程、联合抗HIV治疗, 寓防于治。     

基于VOSviewer的2019新型冠状病毒病中医临床诊疗可视化分析＊

目的 通过对公开发表在网络和数据库的有关中医药治疗2019新型冠状病毒肺炎（corona virus disease 2019，COVID-19）的文献进行方、药、证的可视化分析，客观全面的对COVID-19的中医药治疗进行探讨，为现代中医临床诊疗提供参考。方法 本文选用运用文献计量学方法和VOSviewer可视化软件对纳入文献中的用药情况进行数据拆分、整理和分析。结果 本研究高质量数据的主要期刊来源是核心期刊《中医杂志》；新冠临床用方以解表清热剂、开窍补益剂、辟秽祛湿剂为主；临床用药以解表药、清热解毒药、化湿祛痰药以及补益药为主；临床治病思路以六经辨证、三焦辨证和卫气营血辨证理论为指导；临床常见证型为湿、热、寒、毒相关证型；重视新冠前期预防以及后期恢复调养；治疗过程用药考究，注重养阴与祛邪并进。结论 新冠的中医临床诊治考病全面，并注重养阴与祛邪并进，可为官方制定治疗方案提供参考。     

高强度聚焦超声消融治疗子宫肌瘤时妊娠一例报告并文献复习

高强度聚焦超声(high-intensity focused ultrasound,HIFU)消融治疗子宫肌瘤作为一种新的非侵入性的治疗方式,已越来越广泛地用于子宫肌瘤的治疗。但是对于HIFU治疗时妊娠的处理及妊娠结局鲜有文献报道。本文报道1例HIFU消融治疗子宫肌瘤时妊娠的病例,结合文献复习,探讨子宫平滑肌瘤对妊娠的影响、子宫平滑肌瘤不同处理方式对妊娠的影响、HIFU消融治疗子宫肌瘤时机选择的问题、HIFU消融治疗子宫肌瘤若同时合并妊娠时胎儿去留的问题以及近期HIFU消融治疗子宫肌瘤后对流产手术操作的影响等,以期对HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤的适应证、选择合适的治疗时间及术后选择合适的妊娠时机展开讨论。     

Increased IL-10/IL-17 ratio is aggravated along with the prognosis of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

ObjectiveThis study is to investigate the association between the Treg/Th17 cells and prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).MethodsTotally 50 CLL patients and 20 Health controls were included in this study. Regulatory T (Treg) cells and the cell subset secreting IL-17 (Th17) in peripheral blood were detected with flow cytometry. Serum levels of IL-10 and IL-17 were determined with ELISA, and expression of Foxp3 and RORγt was assessed with quantitative real-time PCR.ResultsTreg and Th17 cell proportions in peripheral blood in the CLL patients were significantly higher than control. Serum levels of IL-10 and IL-17, and expression of Foxp3 and RORγt, were significantly increased in the CLL patients. Ratios of Treg/Th17 and IL-10/IL-17 were significantly elevated in the CLL patients. Compared with those before treatment, Treg/Th17 and IL-10/IL-17 ratios were declined in the CLL patients in remission. Compared with the non-remission group, Treg cells were significantly decreased, while Th17 cells were significantly increased, resulting in decreased Treg/Th17 ratio, in the remission group. Moreover, the serum IL-10 level was significantly decreased, while the serum IL-17 level was significantly increased, resulting in declined IL-10/IL-17 ratio, in the remission group. Correlation analysis showed that, Treg and Th17 cell counts were significantly associated with CD38 and ZAP-70 expression in the CLL patients. Moreover, the IL-10/IL-17 ratio was also significantly associated with CLL prognostic factors.ConclusionAltered Treg/Th17 and IL-10/IL-17 ratios in CLL would be aggravated along with the disease progression, which might be used as indicators for the disease prognosis.     

Brain impedance variation of directional leads implanted in subthalamic nuclei of Parkinsonian patients

ObjectiveConventional deep brain stimulation (DBS) systems with ring-shaped leads generate spherical electrical fields. In contrast, novel directional leads use segmented electrodes. Aim of this study was to quantify the impedance variations over time in subjects with the directional Cartesia-Boston® system.MethodsImpedance records, programming settings, and clinical data of 11 consecutive Parkinsonian patients implanted with DBS directional leads in two Italian centers (Udine and Vicenza) were retrospectively evaluated. Data were collected before starting stimulation (in the operating room and at days 5 and 40) and after switching stimulation on at the successive follow-up visits (1, 6 and 12 months).ResultsDirectional leads have significantly higher impedance than ring leads. Stimulated contacts had always lower impedance compared to non-stimulated contacts. Before DBS-on, all contacts had higher impedance in the operating room, with an initial decrease five days post-surgery and a subsequent increase at day 40, more evident for directional contacts. The impedance of directional leads increased post-implantation at 1 and 6 months with a plateau at 12 months.ConclusionsThere was a significant difference between the directional and ring leads at baseline (before activation of DBS) and during follow-up (chronic DBS).SignificanceOur study reveals new information about the impedance of segmented electrodes that is useful for patient management during the initial test period, as well as during long-term DBS follow-up.     

Curcumin ameliorates hepatic chronic inflammation induced by bile duct obstruction in mice through the activation of heme oxygenase-1

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朱氏一指禅推法联合电针治疗膝骨关节炎临床疗效观察

目的:对比朱氏一指禅推法联合电针与单纯电针治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效差异。方法:将100例入组患者随机分为观察组和对照组,观察治疗前、治疗3周后及治疗后3个月随访VAS评分、WOMAC量表评分及测量膝关节活动度(ROM)。结果:两组患者治疗3周后及治疗后3个月随访,VAS和WOMAC量表评分及膝关节活动度均较治疗前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);VAS评分两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组改善WOMAC量表评分及膝关节活动度均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);观察组总有效率均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:朱氏一指禅推法联合电针对膝骨关节炎治疗具有显著作用,尤其在改善关节僵硬、躯体功能障碍及恢复膝关节活动度方面更为明显。